Understanding how a Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Works?
I am having trouble understanding how a full wave bridge rectifier works, say part KBU4D 4A, 200V.
I have a transfromer I was thinking of stepping down from 120VAC to 5V 4A.
Once through the rectifier my frequency becomes 2*f=2*60=120Hz.
My voltage is (2)^(1/2) times 5V then=7.071V.
I am not sure how this works from here.
The rectifier has a 1V forward turn on voltage so a 1V voltage drop. Now if a volt drops across, what is my actual output from the rectifier? I looked all over the internet and I can’t find much on it.
I need around 4V 4A output. I will have about a 0.33F cap to smooth out the rectifier leaving me with about a 101mV ripple.
I was wondering either
a) how do calculations work with the bridge recitifier and what is my actual output
or
b) what value should I choose for my transformer and why?
The voltage out is actually 7 volts minus 2 diode drops, or 5 volts, depending on the specs of the bridge. Now subtract half the P-P ripple voltage to get about 4.9 volts. But if the 1.0 volt spec on the diodes is a MAX, not a typical, you may actually get a half a volt higher, or closer to 5.4 volts.
If you don’t want any further components, in an ideal world, reduce the transformer voltage by about 1 volt, to 4 volts RMS, which should give you about 4 to 4.5 volts DC. BUT…
This is not an exact science, as you will get drops due to the resistance of the windings of the transformer at the peak, since the peak current will be as much as 10 times the average current, all concentrated at the peaks of the sine wave. The result of that will be that the input to the bridge will have it’s peaks lower than expected, which will result in a reduced DC voltage as compared to the calculations above.
So I’d stay with the 5 volts secondary on the transformer, and design it for 8 amps, not 4 amps. See what happens.
Note: you should over spec the bridge diodes also. Get ones capable of 8 amps. Note that you will need a heat sink for them.
.
Let’s Play Warioware Inc, Part 4a, Mona Strange Games
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